MAGNABEND - CIRCUIT OPERATION
Iyo Magnabend sheetmetal folda yakagadzirwa seDC inorovera magineti.
Dunhu rakareruka rinodiwa kutyaira iyo electro-magnetic coil ine switch uye bhiriji rectifier chete:
Mufananidzo 1: Dunhu Dunhu:
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti iyo ON / OFF switch yakabatana padivi re AC redunhu.Izvi zvinobvumira iyo inductive coil ikozvino kutenderera kuburikidza nemadhiodhi mubhiriji rectifier zvichitevera kudzima-kusvika iyo yazvino yaora zvakanyanya kusvika zero.
(Madhidhiyo ari mubhiriji ari kuita se "fly-back" diodes).
Kuti ushande zvakachengeteka uye zviri nyore zvinodikanwa kuve nedunhu iro rinopa 2-handed interlock uye zvakare 2-nhanho clamping.Iyo 2-mawoko interlock inobatsira kuona kuti zvigunwe hazvigone kubatwa pasi pe clampbar uye iyo yakarongwa clamping inopa kutanga kwakapfava uye zvakare inobvumira ruoko rumwe kubata zvinhu munzvimbo kusvika pre-clamping yaitwa.
Mufananidzo 2: Circuit ine Interlock uye 2-Stage Clamping:
Kana bhatani re START rikadzvanywa diki voltage inopihwa kune magineti coil kuburikidza neAC capacitor nokudaro ichigadzira mwenje clamping athari.Iyi inogadzirisa nzira yekudzikamisa ikozvino kune coil inosanganisira kusakosha kwesimba kuparara mumudziyo wekumisa (iyo capacitor).
Kusunga kwakazara kunowanikwa kana zvese zviri zviviri Bending Beam-inoshanda switch uye bhatani rekutanga zvichishanda pamwechete.
Kazhinji bhatani rekutanga raisundirwa kutanga (neruboshwe) uye ipapo mubato wedanda rekukotama raizodhonzwa nerumwe ruoko.Kusunga kwakazara hakuzoitika kunze kwekunge paine kumwe kupindirana mukushanda kwe2 switch.Nekudaro kana kuzara kwakazara kwasimbiswa hazvifanirwe kuramba wakabata bhatani reSTART.
Residual Magnetism
Dambudziko diki asi rakakosha nemuchina weMagnabend, sekunge neakawanda emagetsi magineti, ndiro dambudziko rekusarira magineti.Iyi ndiyo idiki yemagnetism inosara mushure mekunge magineti YADZIMWA.Iyo inokonzeresa kuti mabara arambe akasungirirwa kune magineti muviri nekudaro zvichiita kuti kubviswa kwechishandiso kuve kwakaoma.
Kushandisa magineti yakapfava simbi ndeimwe yenzira dzakawanda dzinogoneka dzekukunda magineti asara.
Zvakadaro chinhu ichi chakaoma kuwana muhukuru hwemasheya uye zvakare chakapfava mumuviri zvinoreva kuti chinogona kukuvara nyore mumushini wekupeta.
Iko kuisirwa kweasina-magineti gap mune magineti wedunhu ndiyo nzira iri nyore yekudzikisa yakasara magineti.Iyi nzira inoshanda uye iri nyore kuwana mune akagadzirwa magineti muviri - ingobatanidza chidimbu chekadhibhodhi kana aruminiyamu inosvika 0.2mm gobvu pakati pekuti danda rekumberi uye chidimbu chepakati usati wasunga zvikamu zvemagineti pamwechete.Mhedzisiro huru yeiyi nzira ndeyekuti iyo isiri-magineti gap inoderedza iyo flux inowanikwa kune yakazara clamping.Zvakare haina kutwasanuka kumberi kubatanidza gaka mune imwe-chidimbu magineti muviri sekushandiswa kweE-mhando magineti dhizaini.
Iri reverse bias ndima, inogadzirwa neanobatsira coil, zvakare inzira inoshanda.Asi zvinosanganisira zvisina kufanira kuwedzera kuomarara mukugadzira iyo coil uye zvakare mune yekudzora wedunhu, kunyangwe yakashandiswa muchidimbu mukutanga Magnabend dhizaini.
A decaying oscillation ("kurira") inzira yakanaka kwazvo yekubvisa magineti.
Aya mafoto oscilloscope anoratidza voltage (yepamusoro trace) uye yazvino (pazasi trace) muMagnabend coil ine capacitor yakakodzera yakabatana pairi kuti iite yega oscillate.(Iyo AC inopa yakadzimwa inenge pakati pemufananidzo).
Mufananidzo wekutanga ndeweyakavhurika magineti wedunhu, iyo isina clampbar pane magineti.Mufananidzo wechipiri ndeweakavharika magineti wedunhu, ane hurefu hwakazara clampbar pane magineti.
Mumufananidzo wekutanga voltage inoratidza kuora oscillation (kurira) uye ndizvo zvinoita ikozvino (yakaderera trace), asi mumufananidzo wechipiri voltage haina kuzununguka uye ikozvino haitombokwanisi kutendeuka zvachose.Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapazove nekumisikidza kweiyo magineti flux uye nekudaro hapana kudzima kwemagineti yakasara.
Dambudziko nderekuti magineti yakanyanyisa kunyorova, kunyanya nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwazvino musimbi, uye nekudaro zvinosiririsa kuti nzira iyi haishande kuMagnabend.
Kumanikidzirwa oscillation imwezve pfungwa.Kana iyo magineti yakanyanya kunyorova kuti iite-oscillate saka inogona kumanikidzwa kutenderera nemaseketi anoshanda achipa simba sezvinodiwa.Izvi zvakawongororwawo zvakanyanya kuMagnabend.Chikumbiro chayo chikuru ndechekuti inosanganisira zvakanyanya kuomarara sedunhu.
Reverse-pulse demagnetising ndiyo nzira yakaratidza kudhura-inoshanda kune Magnabend.Tsanangudzo yedhizaini iyi inomiririra basa rekutanga rakaitwa neMagnetic Engineering Pty Ltd. Hurukuro yakadzama inotevera:
REVERSE-PULSE DEMAGNETISING
Chinokosha cheiyi pfungwa kuchengetedza simba mune capacitor uye wozoisunungura mucoil mushure mekunge magineti adzimwa.Iyo polarity inoda kuve yakadai zvekuti iyo capacitor inopinza reverse ikozvino mucoil.Huwandu hwesimba hwakachengetwa mu capacitor hunogona kugadzirwa kuti ive yakakwana kudzima yakasara magineti.(Simba rakawandisa rinogona kuipfuura uye zvakare-magnetise magineti iri mhiri).
Imwezve mukana weiyo reverse-pulse nzira ndeyekuti inogadzira inokurumidza demagnetising uye kanenge nekukasira kuburitswa kwe clampbar kubva kumagineti.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti hazvifanirwe kumirira kuti coil ikozvino iora kusvika zero usati wabatanidza reverse pulse.Pakushandiswa kwepulse iyo coil yazvino inomanikidzwa kuita zero (uye yobva yadzokera kumashure) nekukurumidza zvakanyanya kupfuura kuparara kwayo kwakajairika.
Mufananidzo 3: Basic Reverse-Pulse Circuit
Ikozvino, kazhinji, kuisa switch yekubatanidza pakati peinogadzirisa uye coil yemagineti "kutamba nemoto".
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti inductive current haigone kungoerekana yavhiringwa.Kana zviri izvo zvino chinja mabatirwo anozoita arc uye switch ichakuvadzwa kana kutoparadzwa zvachose.(Makanika akaenzana angave achiedza kumisa kamwe kamwe vhiri rinobhururuka).
Nekudaro, chero dunhu rakagadzirwa rinofanira kupa nzira inoshanda yeiyo coil ikozvino nguva dzese, kusanganisira yemamillisecond mashoma apo switch yekubatanidza inochinja pamusoro.
Dunhu riri pamusoro, iro rinongosanganisira maviri capacitor uye maviri diode (pamwe nerelay kuonana), rinowana mabasa ekuchaja iyo Storage capacitor kune yakaipa voltage (inoenderana nereferenzi yedivi recoil) uye inopawo imwe nzira yekoil. ikozvino apo relay yekubata iri panhunzi.
Mashandiro azvinoita:
Zvakawanda D1 neC2 zvinoshanda sepombi yekuchaja yeC1 ukuwo D2 iri chibatiso chedhidhiyo chinobata poindi B kubva pakuenda zvakanaka.
Ipo magineti ari PANE iyo relay yekubata ichabatanidzwa kune yayo "yakajairika yakavhurika" (NO) terminal uye magineti ichange ichiita basa rayo rakajairwa rekusunga sheetmetal.Pombi yekuchaja inenge ichichaja C1 yakananga panhongonya yakaipa voltage yakaenzana muhukuru kune peak coil voltage.Iyo voltage paC1 ichawedzera exponentially asi ichachajiwa zvizere mukati meinenge 1/2 sekondi.
Inobva yaramba irimo kusvika muchina waDZIMWA.
Pakarepo mushure mekudzima relay inobata mukati kwenguva pfupi.Munguva ino iyo yakanyanya inductive coil ikozvino icharamba ichitenderera kuburikidza neiyo diode mubhiriji rectifier.Ikozvino, mushure mekunonoka kweanosvika makumi matatu milliseconds iyo relay yekubata ichatanga kupatsanurwa.Iyo coil yazvino haichakwanise kuenda kuburikidza neinogadzirisa diode asi inowana nzira kuburikidza neC1, D1, uye C2.Nhungamiro yeiyi yazvino ndeyekuti ichawedzera kuwedzera kubhadharisa kwakashata paC1 uye ichatanga kuchaja C2 zvakare.
Kukosha kweC2 kunofanirwa kuve kwakakura zvakakwana kudzora chiyero chekusimuka kwevoltage pane yekuvhura relay kuonana kuti arc haiite.Iko kukosha kwe5 micro-farads pa amp yecoil ikozvino inokwana kune yakajairwa relay.
Mufananidzo 4 pazasi unoratidza ruzivo rwemasaveforms anoitika mukati mehafu yekutanga sekondi mushure mekudzima.Iyo voltage ramp iyo iri kudzorwa neC2 inonyatso kuoneka pane dzvuku trace pakati peiyo nhamba, yakanyorwa kuti "Relay contact on the fly".(Iyo chaiyo yekubhururuka-nenguva inogona kutorwa kubva pane iyi trace; ingangoita 1.5 ms).
Pangosvika iyo relay armature yasvika pane yayo NC terminal iyo yakashata inochaji yekuchengetera capacitor yakabatana kune magineti coil.Izvi hazvidzoreki nekudzosera coil ikozvino asi ikozvino yave kumhanya "kukwira" uye nekudaro inokurumidza kumanikidzwa kuburikidza ne zero uye yakananga kune yakashata peak inoitika ingangoita 80 ms mushure mekubatanidza kwekuchengetedza capacitor.(Ona Mufananidzo 5).Iyo yakashata ikozvino inokonzeresa kuyerera kwakashata mumagineti iyo inodzima yakasara magineti uye iyo clampbar uye workpiece ichakurumidza kuburitswa.
Mufananidzo 4: Akawedzera Waveforms
Mufananidzo 5: Voltage uye Current Waveforms paMagnet Coil
Mufananidzo 5 pamusoro unoratidza voltage uye ikozvino waveforms pane magineti coil panguva ye pre-clamping chikamu, yakazara clamping chikamu, uye demagnetising chikamu.
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kureruka uye kushanda kweiyi demagnetising dunhu kunofanira kureva kuti inowana application mune mamwe magineti anoda demagnetising.Kunyangwe kana yakasara magineti isiri dambudziko dunhu iri rinogona kuramba richibatsira kushandura coil iripo kusvika zero nekukurumidza uye nekudaro kupa kusunungurwa nekukurumidza.
Inoshanda Magnabend Circuit:
Mafungiro edunhu akurukurwa pamusoro anogona kusanganiswa kuita dunhu rakazara neaviri-mawoko akavharira uye reverse pulse demagnetising sezvinoratidzwa pazasi (Mufananidzo 6):
Mufananidzo 6: Dunhu rakasanganiswa
Dunhu iri richashanda asi zvinosuwisa kuti harina kuvimbika.
Kuti uwane kushanda kwakavimbika uye hupenyu hurefu hwekuchinja zvinodikanwa kuwedzera zvimwe zvikamu kudunhu rekutanga sezvakaratidzwa pazasi (Mufananidzo 7):
Mufananidzo 7: Yakasanganiswa Dunhu neKunatsa
SW1:
Iyi ndiyo 2-pole yekuparadzanisa switch.Inowedzerwa kuitira nyore uye kutevedzera mitemo yemagetsi.Izvo zvakare zvinodiwa kuti switch iyi ibatanidze neon chiratidzo mwenje kuratidza iyo ON / OFF mamiriro edunhu.
D3 uye C4:
Pasina D3 kuvharirwa kweiyo relay hakuvimbike uye kunoenderana nekumisikidzwa kweiyo mains waveform panguva yekushanda kwebending beam switch.D3 inosvitsa kunonoka (kazhinji 30 milli seconds) mukudonha kunze kwerelay.Izvi zvinokunda dambudziko rekuvhara uye zvinobatsirawo kuve nekudonhedza kunonoka nguva isati yatanga ye demagnetising pulse (gare gare mukutenderera).C4 inopa AC kubatanidza relay relay iyo ingave iri hafu-wave pfupi sedunhu kana bhatani reSTART rakadzvanywa.
THERM.CHINJA:
Switch iyi ine imba yayo inosangana nemuviri wemagineti uye inoenda yakavhurika dunhu kana magineti ikanyanya kupisa (> 70 C).Kuiisa munhevedzano neiyo relay coil zvinoreva kuti inongofanira kushandura diki ikozvino kuburikidza neiyo relay coil pane iyo yakazara magineti ikozvino.
R2:
Kana bhatani re START rikadzvanywa relay inodhonzera mukati uye ipapo pachava ne-in-rush ikozvino inochaja C3 kuburikidza nebhiriji rectifier, C2 uye diode D2.Pasina R2 hapazove nekupikisa mudunhu iri uye mhedzisiro yakakwira ikozvino inogona kukuvadza vanobatika muSTART switch.
Zvakare, kune imwe yedunhu mamiriro apo R2 inopa dziviriro: Kana iyo yekubhenda beam switch (SW2) ikafamba kubva kuNO terminal (painonge yakatakura magineti akazara ikozvino) kuenda kuNC terminal, saka kazhinji arc inoumba uye kana iyo START Switch yaive ichiri kubatwa panguva ino saka C3 yaizove ipfupi kutenderera uye, zvichienderana nekuti yakawanda sei voltage yaive paC3, zvino izvi zvinogona kukanganisa SW2.Nekudaro zvakare R2 yaizodzikamisa iyi pfupi yedunhu ikozvino kune yakachengeteka kukosha.R2 inoda chete yakaderera kukosha kukosha (kazhinji 2 ohms) kuitira kuti ipe dziviriro yakakwana.
Varistor:
Iyo varistor, iyo yakabatana pakati peiyo AC terminals yeinogadzirisa, kazhinji haiite chinhu.Asi kana paine surge voltage pane mains (nekuda kwemuyenzaniso - padhuze kuvheneka kurova ) ipapo varistor inotora simba mukuvhiya uye kudzivirira iyo voltage spike kubva mukukuvadza bhiriji rectifier.
R1:
Kana bhatani re START raizodzvanywa panguva ye demagnetising pulse saka izvi zvaigona kukonzera arc pa relay contact iyo yaizongoita pfupi-circuit C1 (yekuchengetedza capacitor).Iyo capacitor simba yaizokandwa mudunhu rine C1, bhiriji rectifier uye arc mune relay.Pasina R1 pane kushomeka kushoma mudunhu iri uye saka yazvino ingave yakanyanya kukwirira uye yaizokwana kubatanidza vanobatika mune relay.R1 inopa dziviriro mune izvi (zvisina kujairika) chiitiko.
Special Note Re Sarudzo yeR1:
Kana chiitiko chinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa chikaitika ipapo R1 inotora zvinenge zvese simba rakachengetwa muC1 pasinei nekukosha kweR1.Tinoda kuti R1 ive hombe kana ichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinopokana nedunhu asi zvidiki zvichienzaniswa nekupokana kweMagnabend coil (zvikasadaro R1 inoderedza kushanda kweiyo demagnetising pulse).Iko kukosha kwekutenderera 5 kusvika gumi ohms kungave kwakakodzera asi ndeapi chiyero chesimba chinofanira kuve neR1?Chatinonyatsoda kutsanangura isimba rekupuruzira, kana chiyero chesimba cheanopikisa.Asi chimiro ichi hachiwanzo kutaurwa kune vanopikisa magetsi.Low kukosha simba resistors kazhinji waya-maronda uye isu takasarudza kuti yakakosha chinhu kutsvaga mune ino resistor iyi huwandu hwewaya chaiyo inoshandiswa mukuvaka kwayo.Iwe unofanirwa kupaza kuvhura sample resistor uye kuyera geji uye kureba kwewaya yakashandiswa.Kubva pane izvi verenga huwandu hwese hwewaya uye wozosarudza resistor ine kanenge 20 mm3 yewaya.
(Semuyenzaniso 6.8 ohm/11 watt resistor kubva kuRS Components yakawanikwa iine waya vhoriyamu ye24mm3).
Sezvineiwo izvi zvimwe zvikamu zvidiki muhukuru uye mutengo uye nekudaro wedzera madhora mashoma kumutengo wakazara weMagnabend electrics.
Pane imwezve diki yedunhu isati yakurukurwa.Izvi zvinokunda dambudziko diki:
Kana bhatani rekutanga rikadzvanywa uye rikasateedzerwa nekudhonza mubato (uyo waizopa kusungirira kwakazara) ipapo capacitor yekuchengetera haichajairwe zvizere uye iyo demagnetising pulse inoguma nekuburitswa kwebhatani reSTART haizodzima magineti muchina. .Iyo clampbar yaibva yaramba yakanamatira pamushini uye izvo zvaizonetsa.
Kuwedzerwa kweD4 neR3, kunoratidzwa mubhuruu muMufananidzo 8 pazasi, dyisa akakodzera waveform mune yekuchaja pombi wedunhu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti C1 inochajwa kunyangwe kuzara kwakazara kusaiswa.(Kukosha kweR3 hakusi kutsoropodza - 220 ohms/10 watt yaizoenderana nemichina yakawanda).
Mufananidzo 8: Dunhu neDemagnetise mushure me "TANGA" chete:
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve zvikamu zvedunhu ndapota tarisa kune Chikamu chikamu mu "Build Your Own Magnabend"
Nezvinangwa zvereferensi dhiyagiramu yakazara yedunhu re240 Volt AC, E-Type Magnabend michina inogadzirwa neMagnetic Engineering Pty Ltd inoratidzwa pazasi.
Ziva kuti pakushanda pa115 VAC akawanda echikamu kukosha angada kugadziridzwa.
Magnetic Engineering yakamira kugadzira michina yeMagnabend muna2003 pakatengeswa bhizinesi.
Cherechedza: Hurukuro iri pamusoro yaive nechinangwa chekutsanangura misimboti mikuru yebasa redunhu uye kwete zvese zvakavharwa.Masekete akazara anoratidzwa pamusoro anosanganisirwa muMagnabend manyoro anowanikwa kune imwe nzvimbo pane ino saiti.
Izvo zvakare zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti isu takagadzira yakazara yakasimba mamiriro edunhu aya akashandisa IGBTs panzvimbo yerelay kushandura ikozvino.
Iyo yakasimba yedunhu redunhu haina kumbobvira yashandiswa mune chero michina yeMagnabend asi yaishandiswa kune yakakosha magineti yatakagadzira mitsara yekugadzira.Iyi mitsetse yekugadzira yaiwanzoburitsa zvinhu zviuru zvishanu (senge gonhi refiriji) pazuva.
Magnetic Engineering yakamira kugadzira michina yeMagnabend muna2003 pakatengeswa bhizinesi.
Ndokumbira ushandise Bata Alan link pane ino saiti kutsvaga rumwe ruzivo.